Becoming a U.S. citizen through naturalization is a life-changing milestone. For many immigrants, it represents years of residency, paperwork, interviews, and finally, the oath of allegiance to the United States. But even after this achievement, and particularly in the current political climate, questions abound: Can the U.S. revoke my citizenship? Could I face denaturalization? Should I be worried about traveling abroad as a naturalized citizen?
The reality is that most naturalized citizens have nothing to fear. But understanding what the government can and cannot do—and when denaturalization is possible—can bring clarity and provide peace of mind.
Can the U.S. Revoke Citizenship? What the Government Cannot Do
Once you become a U.S. citizen, your rights are nearly identical to those of U.S.-born citizens. You gain the ability to:
- Vote in U.S. elections.
- Apply for a U.S. passport.
- Travel abroad and return freely.
- Sponsor family members for permanent residency.
- Be fully protected under the U.S. Constitution.
The government cannot revoke citizenship without cause. Citizenship is a permanent legal status unless it was illegally obtained (such as through fraud or misrepresentation) or unless you voluntarily renounce it. Political beliefs, religion, or long absences abroad do not strip you of citizenship.
Who, Generally, Is at Risk of Denaturalization?
While denaturalization does exist, it is extremely rare and applies to specific circumstances:
- Naturalization Fraud
- If, for example, someone lied on their citizenship application, concealed a criminal record, or used false documents, the government may later argue that citizenship was improperly obtained.
- In these cases, the U.S. can begin denaturalization proceedings in federal court.
- National Security or Human Rights Violations
- Involvement in terrorism, espionage, war crimes, or persecution of others can also lead to denaturalization.
- These cases are exceptional and usually tied to serious violations of law.
Usually, denaturalization occurs when the naturalized citizen was not actually eligible to naturalize at the time they were granted citizenship. Importantly, denaturalization is not automatic. It requires a formal legal process, where the government must prove its case in federal court and the individual has the right to defend themselves.
Traveling Abroad as a Naturalized Citizen
For most naturalized citizens, traveling abroad is as safe and straightforward as for U.S.-born citizens. With your American passport, you can:
- Re-enter the United States without issue.
- Access U.S. embassy assistance abroad.
- Travel visa-free to many countries around the world.
Are There Risks?
- Lengthy time abroad: Living overseas for years will not revoke your citizenship, but it can complicate certain benefits (like sponsoring relatives or applying for security clearances).
- Dual citizenship: If you also hold another passport, always use your U.S. passport when entering and exiting the United States to avoid complications.
- Illegal activities abroad: Engaging in terrorism, espionage, or fighting against the U.S. can trigger criminal prosecution—and could prompt denaturalization proceedings.
Practical Travel Tips for Naturalized U.S. Citizens
To minimize risks and travel with confidence:
- Always use your U.S. passport when entering or leaving the United States.
- Check visa requirements before traveling—many countries allow U.S. citizens visa-free access, but not all.
- Register with STEP (Smart Traveler Enrollment Program) so U.S. embassies can contact you in case of emergencies abroad.
- Carry backup copies of your passport’s info page in case it is lost or stolen.
- Know the laws of your destination country—you are subject to them even as a U.S. citizen.
- Maintain ties to the U.S. (residence, employment, driver’s license, etc.) if you spend long periods overseas.
Should Naturalized Citizens Be Afraid of Losing Citizenship?
For the overwhelming majority of people, the answer is no.
- If you obtained citizenship honestly, your rights are equal to those of any U.S.-born citizen.
- Denaturalization is extremely rare and only applies to cases of fraud or extraordinary national security threats.
- Traveling domestically and returning from international travel as a U.S. citizen is safe and protected, provided you are not subject to denaturalization as outlined above and follow best practices.
Final Thoughts
Naturalized citizens should rest assured: their citizenship is secure if it was earned lawfully.
If you have further doubts or concerns about whether your citizenship is at risk, you may consider consulting with an experienced immigration attorney at Joseph & Hall PC.
